Thursday, August 27, 2020

Analysis of the Advertising Industry in 2015 Sample for Students

Question: Do Five Forces Analysis of the Advertising Industry in 2015. Answer: Watchmen Analysis Dangers of new passage The organizations that work on a full-time premise has more interest in the market.The utilization of web is extremely high in the current market. Specialists have demonstrated that an individual goes through around 13 hours surfing in the internet.Hiring representatives that are talented and can work proficiently is low as for computerized promoting. Haggling intensity of providers A lot of providers are available, however some have persuasive force for which they charge high pricesBidding consistently will expand the interest on the entrances Bartering intensity of purchasers They are the customers of the organizations The organizations can change the battle designs as per the customers Customers attempt to keep up long haul relations with the offices Dangers of substitutes Replacement is high for instance print media, Radio and TV Promoting through radio expanded in 2015 Contention by existing contenders The customary organizations are moving towards advanced publicizing A few offices are notable as a result of creative battles (McAlister et al. 2016) The qualities that be seen from the investigation are that there are low dangers with respect to the new sections in the promoting business. The bartering intensity of the providers is high, yet of that of the purchaser is medium. Nonetheless, it can increment in the coming years in light of new participants in the business. The engaging quality in the promoting business is physical in nature for the most part. The publicizing offices have comprehended that magnificence sells in the cutting edge world, which has driven them to embrace their brands through VIP, acclaimed spokespersons and different models (Rosengren and Bondesson 2014). References McAlister, L., Srinivasan, R., Jindal, N. what's more, Cannella, A.A., 2016. Publicizing viability: The directing impact of firm strategy.Journal of Marketing Research,53(2), pp.207-224. Rosengren, S. what's more, Bondesson, N., 2014. Customer promoting as a sign of manager attractiveness.International Journal of Advertising,33(2), pp.253-269.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Jaguar Facts (Panthera onca)

Puma Facts (Panthera onca) The puma (Panthera onca) is the biggest huge feline in the Americas and the third biggest on the planet, after the lion and tiger. spost Quick Facts: Jaguar Logical Name: Panthera oncaCommon Names: JaguarBasic Animal Group: Mammal Size: 5-6 feet in addition to 27-36 inch tailWeight: 100-250 poundsLifespan: 12-15 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Central and South AmericaPopulation: 64,000Conservation Status: Near Threatened Portrayal The two panthers and panthers have spotted coats, yet the puma has less and bigger rosettes (spots), frequently containing little dabs. Panthers are shorter and stockier than panthers. Most panthers have brilliant to rosy earthy colored spotted coats with white tummies. Notwithstanding, melanistic pumas or dark jaguars happen about 6% of the time in South American felines. Pale skinned person pumas or white jaguars additionally happen, however they are uncommon. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/pr_3b6JZ1R8iFNFMAn6cpF06mmw=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/high-point perspective on dark puma unwinding on-field-559548549-8464049cac284599b06a15d726c8dbc2.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xBpkY0TLSdBtWLttACpdelwDTeY=/732x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/high-edge perspective on dark panther unwinding on-field-559548549-8464049cac284599b06a15d726c8dbc2.jpg 732w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/VagE6dWknXX15VPp8U0WyQbWK-A=/1164x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/high-edge perspective on dark puma unwinding on-field-559548549-8464049cac284599b06a15d726c8dbc2.jpg 1164w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Rkxm8F5ByHFJrisFGOd9PsqL3a8=/2028x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/high-edge perspective on dark panther unwinding on-field-559548549-8464049cac284599b06a15d726c8dbc2.jpg 2028w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hIX6KVo-izoyj-fDGlrwock-7KE=/2028x1140/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/high-point perspective on dark puma unwinding on-field-559548549-8464049cac284599b06a15d726c8dbc2.jpg src=//:0 alt=Black pumas happen normally in wild populaces. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-6 information following container=true /> Dark pumas happen normally in wild populaces. Alicia Barbas Garcia/EyeEm/Getty Images Male and female pumas have a comparable appearance, yet females will in general be 10-20 percent littler than guys. Something else, the size of the felines changes incredibly, extending from 3.7-6.1 feet from the nose to the base of the tail. The felines tail is the most limited of the enormous felines, going from 18-36 crawls long. Develop grown-ups may weigh somewhere in the range of 79-348 pounds. Panthers in the southern finish of their range are bigger than those discovered further north. Living space and Distribution The pumas go once ran from the Grand Canyon or perhaps Colorado in the United States down through Argentina. In any case, the feline was vigorously pursued for its excellent hide. While its conceivable a couple of the felines stay in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, sizable populaces just exist from Mexico through Central America and into South America. The feline is ensured and accepted to have a high possibility of endurance in the Kaan Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary in Belize, the Manu National Park in Peru, and the Xingu National Park in Brazil. Pumas are vanishing from the vast majority of the rest of their range. While pumas incline toward forested regions close to water, they likewise live in shrubland, wetlands, prairies, and savanna biomes. Diet and Behavior While panthers look like panthers, their natural specialty is generally like that of the tiger. Pumas tail and snare prey, regularly falling upon the objective from a tree. They are solid swimmers and promptly seek after prey in water. Panthers are crepuscular, for the most part chasing before first light and after sunset. Prey incorporates capybara, deer, pigs, frogs, fish, and snakes, including boa constrictors. The felines jaws have an incredible nibble power that empowers them to air out turtle shells and annihilation everything except the biggest caimans. Subsequent to making a murder, a puma will pull its supper up a tree to eat. Despite the fact that they are commit carnivores, pumas have been watched eating Banisteriopsis caapiâ (ayahuasca), a plant containing the psychelic compound N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Generation and Offspring Panthers are lone felines aside from mating. They mate consistently, for the most part at whatever point food is plenteous. Sets separate following mating. Development endures 93-105 days, coming about in up to four, yet normally two, spotted whelps. Just the mother thinks about the fledglings. Offspring open their eyes at about fourteen days and are weaned by a quarter of a year old enough. They remain with their mom for a year or two preceding leaving to locate their own region. Guys regularly have bigger domains than females. Male domains don't cover. Different females may involve a region, yet the felines will in general dodge one another. Females arrive at sexual development around two years old, while guys develop later at age three or four. Wild pumas live 12-15 years, however hostage felines may live 23 years. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZsKcU250UijzxuEEFq2Qv9G-VY0=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/panther infant strolling in-the-feed 856511028-32e68ee5bb2f4f74ae88912b7cdf61c6.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/nN3MNtz3Rody2GxG52oRCcrGAj0=/756x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/puma child strolling in-the-roughage 856511028-32e68ee5bb2f4f74ae88912b7cdf61c6.jpg 756w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/x1C_lMKznRrk4-jBXCEzXUO-3X0=/1212x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/puma infant strolling in-the-feed 856511028-32e68ee5bb2f4f74ae88912b7cdf61c6.jpg 1212w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/V_vLGZA9nx-RAdt9AoBeyJWy9e0=/2124x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/panther infant strolling in-the-feed 856511028-32e68ee5bb2f4f74ae88912b7cdf61c6.jpg 2124w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/8KpcLLvXGZ0Oj6VquKYid3iRaec=/2124x1411/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/panther infant strolling in-the-feed 856511028-32e68ee5bb2f4f74ae88912b7cdf61c6.jpg src=//:0 alt=Jaguar whelps are spotted. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-22 information following container=true /> Panther whelps are spotted. Picture by Tambako the Jaguar/Getty Images Protection Status The IUCN characterizes the panthers preservation status as close to compromised. Starting at 2017, the absolute feline populace was assessed to be around 64,000 people and was diminishing quickly. Pumas, particularly guys, extend across huge regions, so the creatures are vigorously impacted by living space misfortune and discontinuity from improvement, transportation, farming, contamination, and logging. As peak predators, they are in danger from lessening accessibility of regular prey. Panthers are not secured across a lot of their range, especially in nations where they compromise domesticated animals. They might be pursued as nuisances, as trophies, or for their hide. While the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of 1973 incredibly decreased pelt exchange, unlawful exchange stays an issue. Panthers and Humans In contrast to panthers, lions, and tigers, pumas once in a while assault people. Be that as it may, the mix of human infringement and diminished prey has prompted expanding strife. While the danger of an assault is genuine, panthers and jaguars (Puma concolor) are considerably less prone to assault individuals than other enormous felines. Maybe a bunch of human assaults by pumas have been recorded in late history. Interestingly, over a thousand people have been assaulted by lions in the previous 20 years. While the immediate hazard to people is little, pumas promptly target pets and domesticated animals. Sources Dinets, V. what's more, P. J. Polechla. First documentation of melanism in the puma (Panthera onca) from northern Mexico. Feline News. 42: 18, 2005.Mccain, Emil B.; Childs, Jack L. Proof of occupant Jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Southwestern United States and the Implications for Conservation. Diary of Mammalogy. 89 (1): 1â€10, 2008. doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-F-268.1 Mossaz, A.; Buckley, R.C.; Castley. Ecotourism Contributions to Conservation of African Big Cats. Diary for Nature Conservation. 28: 112â€118, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2015.09.009Quigley, H.; Foster, R.; Petracca, L.; Payan, E.; Salom, R.; Harmsen, B. Panthera onca. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T15953A123791436, 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15953A50658693.enWozencraft, W.C. Request Carnivora. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Vertebrate Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (third ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 546â€547, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Ethanol as a Fuel Source Free Essays

Year 12 Chemistry Assessment Task 1| Ethanol as an option fuel| | Melissa Weber| 22/11/2010| | Overview The business creation of ethanol fuel in Australia is the utilization of sugar stick and wheat utilizing yeast in the aging procedure. Yeast is an organism which can duplicate without oxygen by utilizing proteins (e. g. We will compose a custom article test on Ethanol as a Fuel Source or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now zymase) to catalyze the disintegration of sugars. Those sugars are sucrose or maltose. Appropriate conditions The conditions that advance the maturation of sugar are: * A reasonable smaller scale life form, for example, yeast * Water * A reasonable temperature for the aging yeast Low oxygen fixations preferring the aging yeast * A modest quantity of yeast supplements, for example, phosphate salt. * Once the ethanol fixation arrives at 14-15% by volume, the yeast can't endure, and the maturation procedure stops. Costs Biomass powers, for example, rice straw and sugar stick bagasse are being examined as crude materials for ethanol creation however the transportation costs are exceptionally high and don't legitimize their utilization. Hereditarily adjusted yields are being broke down and this could give a modest wellspring of biomass fills for the creation of ethanol. Creation from Sugar Cane Sucrose extricated from sugarcane represents minimal over 30% of the concoction vitality put away in the develop plant; 35% is in the leaves and stem tips, which are left in the fields during harvest, and 35% are in the stringy material (bagasse) left over from squeezing. The majority of the modern handling of sugarcane in Brazil is done through an incorporated creation chain, permitting sugar creation, mechanical ethanol preparing, and power age from results. The regular strides for huge scope creation of sugar and ethanol incorporate processing, power age, aging, refining of ethanol, and parchedness. Supplanting for refining With expanding consideration being paid to sparing vitality, numerous strategies have been recommended that keep away from refining through and through for lack of hydration. Of these techniques, a third strategy has developed and has been embraced by most of current ethanol plants. This new procedure utilizes atomic sifters to expel water from fuel ethanol. In this procedure, ethanol fume under tension goes through a bed of atomic strainer globules. The bead’s pores are estimated to permit ingestion of water while barring ethanol. After a timeframe, the bed is recovered under vacuum or in the progression of inactive environment to evacuate the consumed water. Two beds are utilized with the goal that one is accessible to retain water while the other is being recovered. This lack of hydration innovation can represent vitality sparing of 3,000 btus/gallon (840 kJ/l) contrasted with prior azeotropic refining. . Graphs DISTILLATION| | STRUCTURE| FORMULAC6H12O6 ;gt; 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH (ethanol) 180. 00g ;gt; 88. 00g + 92. 00g| Ethanol versus Fuel Arguments for ethanol as a fuel| Arguments against ethanol as a fuel| It is a spotless and productive utilization of vitality. It is a lot more secure then petroleum (Ethanol is biodegradable without unsafe impacts on the earth) and will enormously lessen the spread of contamination. Seeing that it's anything but a petroleum product, fabricating it and consuming it doesn't build the nursery impact. Ethanol can lessen net carbon dioxide discharges by up to 100% on a full life-cycle premise. Elevated level ethanol mixes can lessen outflows of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by 30% or more (VOCs are significant wellsprings of ground-level ozone development) * High-level ethanol mixes diminish nitrogen oxide emissions| Ethanol is perfect yet it just creates 66% the vitality of octane, henceforth more is needed| It is an a lot more advantageous option for i ndividuals: * Sulfur dioxide and Particulate Matter (PM) discharges are altogether diminished with ethanol. As an octane enhancer, ethanol can cut emanations of malignancy causing benzene and butadiene by over half * It gives high octane requiring little to no effort as an option in contrast to hurtful fuel added substances. * Ethanol can be utilized as an added substance rather than lead which is a harmful poison in significant urban areas. It will fundamentally decreases hurtful fumes emanations meaning progressively solid in urban areas| The expanded requirement for land clearing for crops (sugar stick) has prompted enormous issues of soil disintegration, salination and the over utilization of water assets e. . Brazil| It is sustainable and generally modest to deliver, while oil supplies are constrained to maybe 50-60 years| Oil holds are draining yet new saves are being found with modern techniques| Addition of ethanol to petroleum decreases the measure of oxygen in burning and lessens the discharge of carbon. Ethanol mixes can be utilized in all petroleum motors without modifications| The expense of delivering ethanol in 2008 was double the expense of petroleum. Australia has a 10% mix which is serious at the moment| Ethanol can be delivered anyplace on the planet (Brazil, Tanzania, Australia) and will diminish the imposing business model of Arab countries. As it is effectively available for every nation the trouble and risks in shipping will be reduced| 80% of the world’s transport is reliant on petroleum products. Changing to an ethanol base will be a monetary nightmare| Current utilization of ethanol Continent| % of vitality needs provided by biomass| Continent| % of vitality needs provided by biomass| Australia| 5%| Oceania| 35%| Africa| 55%| North America| 4%| South America| 26%| Europe| 2-3%| Asia| 38%| previous USSR| 3%| Sydney transports have trialed the utilization of Diesohol. Diesohol is a blend of 10-15% ethanol in diesel fuel †it has been made conceivable by the advancement of a procedure which emulsifies the ethanol in the diesel. Utilizing Diesohol diminishes smoke, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the vehicles exhaust. Up to about 10% ethanol can be added to petroleum without requiring any adjustment in motors. Vehicles can run on 100% ethanol, yet this requires motor change. Ethanol doesn't discharge as much vitality per gram as hydrocarbons do on copying. In any case, ethanol reduces toxins in vehicle exhaust. This is especially profitable when utilizing Diesohol in trucks and transports in huge dirtied urban communities. The utilization of ethanol as a fuel is impartial to the extent discharging carbon dioxide into the environment. At the point when ethanol is scorched, it produces carbon dioxide, notwithstanding, this carbon dioxide is removed from the air by developing plants to deliver more ethanol. On the off chance that harvests are developed explicitly to deliver ethanol by maturation, enormous regions of land would be required. It has been assessed that if Australia utilized all its oat and sugar harvests to create ethanol, this would even now just give enough fuel to supplant about 10% of its present oil use. Clearly, this measure of land couldn't be given to the creation of transport fuel instead of nourishment. In any case, it might be that later on, with enhancements in maturation innovation, plant squander material could be utilized to deliver ethanol. It might be that there are better approaches to bridle vitality from the sun than by developing plants which are then matured to deliver ethanol. Ignition of ethanol just discharges around 33% of the vitality from daylight which was initially caught by, for instance, sugar stick plants. Ethanol is still significantly more costly to deliver than petroleum. The costs associated with the creation of ethanol incorporate the exertion put into developing the plant material, shipping plant material to handling plants and the vitality required to isolate the ethanol from the aging blend by refining. Ethanol utilization in a motor is roughly 51% higher than for fuel since the vitality per unit volume of ethanol is 34% lower than for gas. In any case, the higher pressure proportions in an ethanol-just motor take into consideration expanded force yield and preferable efficiency over could be acquired with lower pressure proportions Cost of ethanol in Australia Taxation * Domestically created fuel ethanol is presently adequately absolved from extract charge until July 1, 2011 (an extract of 38. 43 pennies for each liter is payable on petroleum). From this date, extract will be expanded at 2. 5 pennies for every liter yearly until it arrives at 12. 5 pennies for every liter in 2015 Government Support * Federal Government support for fuel ethanol incorporates a deliberate industry biofuels target (enveloping ethanol, biodiesel, and different biofuels) of 350 million liters for every annum by 2010, capital awards to present and planned makers, fuel extract alleviation, and a viable lev y on imported ethanol until July 1, 2011. In 2006, the Premiers of both New South Wales and Queensland proposed commanding the mixing of ethanol into petroleum. Promoting * E10 is accessible through help stations working under the BP, Caltex, Shell and United brands just as those of various littler independents. E10 is most generally accessible closer to the wellsprings of creation in Queensland and New South Wales. E10 is most normally mixed with 91 RON â€Å"regular unleaded† fuel. Book reference Biofuel in Australia. (2010, 11 20). Recovered 11 22, 2010, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Australia Catalyst Teaching Resouces. (2001). Examining ethanol as a fuel , 1-5. Ethanol from glucose (2010, http://hsconline. nsw. edu. au/). [Motion Picture]. Ethanol from sugar (2010, http://hsconline. nsw. edu. au/). [Motion Picture]. Ethanol Fuel. (n. d. ). Recovered 11 21, 2010, from Journey to everlastingly: http://journeytoforever. organization/ethanol. html Ethanol Fuel. (2010, 11 10). Recovered 11 22, 2010, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in Ethanol fuel in Brazil. (2010, 10 31). Recovered 11 18, 2010, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil MONCEAUX, P. M. (2008, 08 28). Fuel ethanol creation. Recovered 11 17, 2010, from bioethanol: http://www. bioethanol. ru/pictures/bioethanol/Fuel%

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Essay On Concert Band - 718 Words

The subgroup that I’ve chosen for my ethnographic research is Concert Band. Concert Band is a large group of individuals that compose music for an audience, hold for special events, or even halftime at the super bowl. These individuals have a unique sound within them soft, loud, deep sound. With their individual instrument, they can compose a masterpiece; brass, woodwind, percussion they all make beautiful sounds. I’m interested in Concert Band because they are people that simply love to compose music with one another without knowing them on a personal level. Children are dedicated themselves to be part of a Concert Band that works in harmony, day in and out on perfecting their skills with their instrument. Today is their first time†¦show more content†¦I have the wondering question for Concert Band also; Who began Concert Band? Who’s in charge? Where was the first performance? How is the relationship between the members? What’s a typical day for a concert band member? What is the hardest part being part of a concert band? What’s the culture within a Concert band with/ without initiation events? I want to get inside their heads and knows what makes them tick, what motivates them to do better, what are their points of views, their emotions are in play. I want to discover their way of life. My interest in Concert Band started back in the first year in middle school, the same time when my brother had joined Concert Band. Over the years I’ve noticed the small and large impact that concert band had done with my brother. I see the people that cross paths with my brother, either teachers or classmates in concert band; by that small event people would get me confused for my brother, â€Å"are you the one that plays the saxophone?† the line I had to adjust to my everyday life in middle school. My brother would practice three hours after school, every day because he had passion playing the saxophone. That’s the same passion I find myself playing my acoustic guitar, lost in our own world with no care in the world. I wonder if that’s what all musicians feel when playing their instrument with great passion. In my Ethnography research project, hopefully, finding theShow MoreRelatedEssay on My First Concert682 Words   |  3 Pagesdescriptive essay and we were given many topics to choose from. They had to at least have something to do with an experience be it good or bad that had an impact in your life and left a great impression on you. Upon much thought on my part I have decided to write about my first concert that I ever attended and explain why I left an impression on my in three different ways and how it was an enlightening experience for me. Most people would say that their first concert ever wasRead MoreEssay on Kid Rock, Fuel, and Buckcherry995 Words   |  4 PagesFor my first critical essay, I have chosen to review my attendance and experience at a rock concert. On Thursday January 18, at the Scottenstein Center in Columbus, I attended the concert of the controversial Kid Rock. Other performers at the show included rock bands Fuel and Buckcherry. Although there were only three bands that preformed that night, I found another source of entertainment within the crowd of people; the wild antics of the die hard fans. In my essay I will try and attemptRead MoreThe Concert Is On The Same Friday Night As Lewis Criminal Trial1595 Words   |  7 Pagesdefendant. Rich promised to drive Lewis, however, a few days later Rich received free tickets to see his favorite band, Apocalypse Now. The concert is in another city, so he needs the car to drive there. Rich also has heard that some fans may be able to go back stage to meet the band members. Unfortunately, the concert is on the same Friday night as Lewis’ criminal trial. This essay will utilize the Kantian perspective to analyze this scenario and demonstrate Rich’s moral obligation to keep his promiseRead MoreKing Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong1617 Words   |  7 Pagessimple structure in Orleans jazz style and with the accompaniment of Dick jazz music. Each of the books on jazz music will mention his name. Louis Armstrong was to jazz music what Bach is to classical music, Presley is to rock music (Berrett 230). This essay will have an introduction of the king of jazz music -- Louis Armstrong and his great influence on jazz history. It could not be examined when and by whom Jazz music was found. People began hearing jazz music in the early 1900s. It originated fromRead MoreKing Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong1617 Words   |  7 Pagessimple structure in Orleans jazz style and with the accompaniment of Dick jazz music. Each of the books on jazz music will mention his name. Louis Armstrong was to jazz music what Bach is to classical music, Presley is to rock music (Berrett 230). This essay will have an introduction of the king of jazz music -- Louis Armstrong and his great influence on jazz history. It could not be examined when and by whom Jazz music was found. People began hearing jazz music in the early 1900s. It originated fromRead MorePittsburgh Music History1449 Words   |  6 Pagessong writers who have sold millions of records. Their music can now be heard on movies, TV, and even Broadway shows. These famous artists would be nothing without their teachers, producers, music promoters, managers, and radio personalities. This essay will take a look back into the roots of Pittsburgh to examine its historical and cultural music background. The music legacy of Pittsburgh began back in in the mid 1750’s and early 1800’s as English, led by General Forbes, troops marched along withRead MoreWhat I Have A Good And Bad Side1265 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout my everyday life, making questions about what if. What I have to share with you, the reader, are my emotions and what I took from my experiences. The people I played my clarinet for, were a bit on the aged side but each time I played at a concert, the moment was put in a special place in my heart. It meant even more to me to have them come to me after the recital to tell me their stories they had. I remember that one story was about how an old lady told me how she was getting older but yetRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gay Rights1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthat have the chance to make a change try and make those changes, whether that change is good or bad. For example, in the essay Boston cancels North Carolina concerts because of LGBT law by Aaron Smith he speaks about the protest The Band put up by cancelling all over there shows in North Carolina to raise awareness for the LGBTQ community and because as the founder of The Band Tom Scholz says human rights are more important. He apologized to the people who had already bought their tickets,Read MoreHow Art Is Art?1457 Words   |  6 Pagesfind art. When you walk down the str eet, you are sure to find art. Everywhere you look and everywhere you go there is art, but art is more than pictures hanging upon a wall and is more than the paintings that painter John Berger references in his essay â€Å"Ways of Seeing†. Art is not one definable thing, but is of many origins and form. Paintings are art, poetry is art, music is art and so much more. There is simply no way to avoid it. Art has an impact on all of us whether we admit it or not, whetherRead More Multiculturalism In Music Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pages Visualize in your head a rock band, and a rapper. What kind of clothes are they wearing. What lyric styles are they singing in? And what color are they? Ongoing stereotypes suggest that the rock band is a group of white musicians and the rapper would be black. However, examples from the past and present shows that these stereotypes are untrue. Music is defined as â€Å"The art of organizing tones to produce a coherent sequence of sounds to elicit an aesthetic response in a listener† (Morris, 864). This

Friday, May 15, 2020

Politics Of The Earth Climate Change - 981 Words

We’ve covered a great deal of material so far dealing with environmental communication strategies, major influencers and overall public engagement. Value charts, theories, approaches, roles and tricky language are just a few of the topics we delved into in the first few weeks. The readings each discuss the major influencers of people’s opinions of the environment, be they political leanings, opinion leaders, linguistic maneuvers, location, or captivating imagery. Additionally, race, affiliations, socioeconomic status and more intersect into individuals’ understanding and response to climate change. The general consensus is that people’s social and political identities, almost more than anything else, determine what steps they take in preventing climate change. In every major discussion of the readings we raised the subject of politics regarding climate change. John Dryzek, professor at the University of Canberra, says in his book Politics of the Earth: â€Å"Discourses are bound up in political power.† We discussed how discourse about climate change is increasingly discursive, and that often the controversy stems from differences in values rather than disagreements about the science. One could argue that these opposing groups maintain their differences of opinion because they do not understand the science and are instead resorting to something they know how to talk about. Both Shi et al’s Knowledge as a driver of public perceptions about climate change reassessed revisits howShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On Our Lives1037 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal climate change has been a highly debated topic for decades. Climate change is a change in usual weather patterns found globally or in certain regions. This could b e a change in a place’s normal temperature for its time or it could be how much rain a place gets in a year. Normally, climate change is considered normal on planet Earth. Things evolve and change all the time on our home, ever since it formed. Mother nature always goes through different phases. Our planet was a lot different millionsRead MorePolitics Is Blame For A Changing Climate1168 Words   |  5 Pages Politics is to Blame for a Changing Climate In the 1980’s, scientists discovered three important pieces of information that would shape American politics and the environment for years to come. The Earth was getting warmer, the warming was caused by human pollution to the air and sea, and future generations would suffer (Hansen). Few believed these environmentalists at first, but as science progressed, the signs that climate change was a real threat became more and more apparent. Today, the debateRead MoreThe Sanctity Of The Earth By Stephen Hawking Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesSanctity of the Earth Stephen Hawking is one of the greatest minds in the world, and recently he has stated that human life on Earth has an expectancy of 1,000 more years. He gives many claims as to what contributes to this estimate, but one major factor is climate change. Our way of living has released a lot of carbon dioxide into the air. It pollutes our atmosphere and it warms up our environment. We have increased the temperature of this earth which in turn changes climate around the world, whichRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Real Phenomenon1048 Words   |  5 PagesEarth is home to an abundance of complex and astonishing forms of life. It has played humanity’s mysterious home ever since the origin of our species. We are constantly learning more about our planet. However, in the last century, there has been a different trend taking place. We have experienced a rise in the Earth’s temperature. Global warming is the phenomenon that has taken place over the past one hundred and thirty-three y ears. Global warming has been described as the greenhouse effect of dangerousRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagessame fate with 50 percent of all the living species on earth which are on the edge of extinction. Coral reefs are also â€Å"victims† of global warming. Recent research indicates the rise of both ocean acidification caused by carbon dioxide and water temperature are threatening 75 percent of the world’s coral reefs since the changes of water’s features make they unable to absorb calcium carbonate which makes up their shells. Moreover, climate change not only challenges scientists and climatologists, butRead MoreThe Anthropocene, â€Å"The Age Of The Human,† (Purdy, Pg 1.),979 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted making an impact of the planet. The age in humans saying that the Earth is theirs instead of saying that we are just a part of this environment. There has been many definitions, different thoughts, and various implications to how this term should be viewed. With the readings from class and learning about the aspects that differ, I think that it should generally be used as a term or â€Å"slogan† for the drastic climate change that humans have created accumulated. The start of the AnthropoceneRead MoreGlobal Warming Is One Of The Most Important Issues Today s Society Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesof global warming. According to dictionary.com, global warming is an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes analogous changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect. I have read a tremendous amount of books and articles regarding global warming. What are the effects, main causes and how the world should stand and try to reduce what causes this massive climate change. I have interviewed Jehan Albasara, who is a student’s in Wayne State University. SheRead MoreThe Everglades And Global Warming1745 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing global temperatures are causing a significant change and destruction of its iconic natural appearance. Besides the direct effects, global warming is exposing the Everglades to invasive species that is causing great imbalance. Methods McCarthy, T. (2015). Obama in the Everglades to raise alarm on climate change. Retrieved December 7, 2015 from: http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/22/obama-in-the-everglades-to-raise-alarm-on-climate-change The Guardian News is the publisher of the articleRead MoreClimate Change Is A Change1482 Words   |  6 Pages Climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns. Climate change is a topic that is brought up in many different genres of conversations. Whether it be brought up and discussed in politics, school, family, or friends, some people still limit using those words when in casual conversation. Some of those same people are the people who still deny that climate change is happening. Climate change affects every single one of us. It affects everyone who lives on this earth every day andRead More Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Essay example763 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Human induced climate change resulting from an enhanced greenhouse effect is probably the greatest environmental threat facing the world today. Specifically, the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide may be classified as the primary culprit. As a result of greenhouse gases entering the upper levels of the earths atmosphere, it diminishes or breaks down the earths Ozone layer. With this loss of this protective blanket, harmful radioactive

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

What Causes Water Pollution And Its Effects Essay - 901 Words

What Causes Water Pollution and its Effects The shoreline became a black gooey mess that killed countless birds, and completely devastated marine life! This environmental disaster is only one example of severe water pollution. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the causes and effects of pollution. Water pollution is a serious problem for the environment. It should be solved on a large scale at the level of states and federal governmental levels. If the public becomes more aware of environmental problems, it can be part of the solution. For example the responsibility of the Pacific Garbage Patch is on the conscience of everyone who throws garbage in the water (Marine Insight). Every pond or water source is connected with a surrounding environment. It is influenced by conditions of the formation of surface or underground water runoff, various natural phenomena, industrial and municipal construction, transportation, economic and domestic activities. The causes, effect s are bringing into the watery environment chemicals that degrade water quality (Wwf.panda.org). For example, household wastewater may contain artificial cleaning supplies that enter rivers and seas. Accumulations of inorganic substances affect water inhabitants and reduce the amount of oxygen in the water. These substances lead to a formation called dead zones. There are approximately 400 of them worldwide. These chemicals are found in acid rain asShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes Water Pollution And Its Effects1147 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Causes Water Pollution and its Effects The shoreline became a black gooey mess that killed countless birds, and completely devastated marine life! This environmental disaster is only one example of severe water pollution. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the causes and effects of pollution. Water pollution is a serious problem for the environment. It should be solved on a large scale at the level of states and federal governmental levels. If the public becomesRead MoreThesis Statement1030 Words   |  5 PagesThesis Statement Water pollution has had devastating effects on the environment, which include irreversible effects to the oceans ecosystem, health problems and abnormal conditions. interference of the oceans ecosystem - Plastic storage bags can kill animals in the oceans like dolphins, turtles and whales. It is easy for wildlife to swallow and eventually causes death. * Over 1.5 billion tons of plastic water bottles end up in US landfills each year. It takes over 300 years to degradeRead MoreCritical Sources For The Pollution1207 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Source for the Pollution When there is a pasture that can be used freely, all the farmers who raise cows would bring as much cows as they can to feed them and take a benefit from it. Without rule or law it is human’s nature to behave selfishly and try to get more advantage for oneself. According to Hardin’s article, â€Å"The tragedy of the commons†, he addresses that commons in our society exists in many different ways and these commons are becoming tragedy to our lives. This tragedy, actingRead MoreWater Pollution is the Source of Major Conflict in Our World Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesWater is an important resource for every organism on Earth, yet water pollution has become a major conflict all around the world. Water makes up most of Earth and is a necessary factor for both the environment and people. Even though water is something that the human race can’t survive without, water is constantly being polluted because of humans. Oil pollution, global warming, eutrophication, sewage, air pollution, marine debris, industrial waste and radioactive waste have become the main causesRead MoreWater Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1408 Words   |  6 Pages Water pollution is caused by impurities in water eg, lakes,rivers, oceans and even drinking water. This contaminated water can be the result of many different types of pollution whether it is natural or man made pollutants that pollute the water. This can have a significant impact on the environment as a whole. Moreover there are a number of other related issues that can be attributed to water pollution such as death and diseases. Water pollution actually accounts for the deaths of approximatelyRead MoreSolution Of Water Pollution1025 Words   |  5 PagesWater pollution is a major global problem which is the pollution of seas, lakes, rivers, swamps†¦ The pollution is made of storm and rainwater, sewage water and industrial waste. In developing countries, 70% of the waste dumped in to waters are coming from industries. More than 80% of sewage from sewage treatment plants pollutes rivers and lakes without being treated first. 43% of Americas rivers and lakes are too polluted for fishing, swimming, or aquatic life. 1.2 trillion gallons of sewage waterRead MoreEssay on Pollution in The Bahamas1640 Words   |  7 Pagesrights too, to live without pollution. What mankind must know is that human beings cannot live without Mother Earth, but the planet can live without humans† (Pollution Quotes, 2013). Hence, attention must be provided to this devastating issue. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse changes (Wieman, 2013). There are numerous types of pollution, such as light, air, land, water, noise, thermal and radioactive pollution. In an article, the authorRead MorePollution And Its Effects On The Environment973 Words   |  4 Pages Pollution As a society, we have come to understand that pollution is the process of discharging harmful substances into our atmosphere, water or soil. There are campaigns all across the world educating us to the different types of pollution. Humankind has become more aware of the rising problems with pollution and recycling is constant in most households. We know about the effects that pollution has on the environment, but how do the types of pollution affect each otherRead MoreThe Devestating Causes of Water Pollution Essay example1650 Words   |  7 Pagesany living thing is water and about 70 percent of the earth is covered with water. With this being said, anyone can tell that water is a very important aspect to life. Only a fraction of a percent of all the water on earth is available for human use, therefore it should be taken care of and used wisely (Agarwal). Over time the water has gotten contaminated to the point of major concern for not only human health but for all ot her organisms too. For many years water pollution has become a ponderousRead MoreHealth Effects Of Air And Water Pollutants1159 Words   |  5 PagesHealth effects of air and water pollutants are major environmental issues that need to be better understood and controlled in the United States and globally. â€Å"Pollution can occur from natural causes or from human activities† (Air and Water Pollution, 2015, p. 1). This issue is so important for many reasons, but for this discussion, it is being identified to give a voice to the urgency for the world to pay attention to how our environment is falling into a catastrophic level of decline because of

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Digital Culture for American Democracy - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theDigital Culture for American Democracy. Answer: Case Study Analysis The changes in the media technologies are influencing the democratic scenario in the nations. American democracy was also affected by such repeat buffets, which are increasing due to the drastic changes in the media technologies. In the scenario of 19th century, the improved presses and cheap newsprint gave the permission for expanding the reaches in a dramatic way. Allcott and Gentzkow (2017) revealed that that the computational propaganda is spreading the misinformation about the public policy and politics over the social media platform. The automation and propaganda together create the impacts on the public opinion, elections, debates, and political crises. The collected data on this subject ensured that majority of the hashtags and junk news is about politics that led up to the 2016 Presidential Election in America. The study would consider the American election campaign, which is dramatically influenced by such misinformation and fake news. The characteristics of the campaigns w ould be discussed I this case study analysis. The circulation of the fake news through social media would be described in this study. Characteristics and Candidates of the American Election Campaign The emergence of the new media technologies, such as social media, has been dominating the market of radio and television. Most of the news is circulated to the people since they spend more time of these social media platforms (Allcott Gentzkow, 2017). It is noticed that the social media platform like Facebook has completely different structures than the media technologies that appeared previously. In 2016, the election campaign of America was highly affected by the false stories fake news. It is reported that almost 62% of US adults regularly visit the news stories on social media. Giglietto et al., (2016) alleged that Facebook is the most demanding platform where the fake stories are circulated among the people who believe in these stories. The evidence also highlights that majority of the fake news stories tended to favor Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton (Pickard, 2017). Considering the news, many of the people suggested that the Donald Trump won such election due to the circul ation of the fake news over the social media, which was not a right decision. In the article Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election, the conceptual ideas about the fake news and influence on the election campaign are widely discussed (Allcott Gentzkow, 2017). The quantitative data is collected among 1200 person after the election was completed. The database indicates that almost 156 election-related news stories were completely falsified and these stories were circulated through the fast-checking websites three months prior to the election. The article indicates that social media platform is the main source of such falsified political information and news. People believe in the social media news more than the information derived from the traditional outlets (Gaughan, 2016). The database obtained from the survey process determines that almost 115 pro-Trump fake stories were circulated over Facebook. These stories were posted more than 30 million times whereas almost 41 pro-Clinton fake stories were posted more than 7.6 million times. It is considered that such propaganda has influenced the voting patterns in the 2016 election (Allcott Gentzkow, 2017). Conceptual Ideas about the Fake News According to Graber and Dunaway (2017), fake news is often conceptualized as the distorted signals that are completely different to the real scenario or truth. It is notable that fake news arises in equilibrium since it is quite cheaper to circulate. The consumers of the news do not seek the accuracy at the initial stage since they are more likely enjoying the partisan news. It is true that consumers utilize such fake news for some benefits, but it also leads the consumers to infer the true state of world. It becomes much difficult to choose the right candidate for the election. In usual cases, the consumers end up selecting the wrong candidate that affects the condition of the nation (Drache et al., 2015). Fake News is defined as the intentionally and verifiably falsified and could lead the readers towards wrong direction. The study is specifically highlighting the influence of the fake news that affected the presidential election of US in 2016. The fabricated news against Hillary C linton created the negative impact on the US citizens. The headline of denverguradian.com was FBI agent suspected in Hillary email leaks found dead in apparent murder-suicide (Nelson, 2017). Many other articles originated on some of the satirical websites that misled the consumers to undertake the impulsive decisions. For instance, it is reported by the website wtoe5news.com that Donald Trump was endorsed by Pope Francis for the presidential candidacy in 2016 (Rochlin Rochlin, 2017). Majority of the fantasy news appears on this website, but the consumers prefer such news much considerably. The theoretical and empirical background is used in this context to frame the debate with proper clearance. The study focuses on the discussion based on the economics of fake news. The model of media markets is a theory-based concept, which helps in gathering the firms and selling the signals of a true state of the world to consumers (Johnson, 2017). These consumers are benefitted from inferring the truth. The preferences of the consumers to believe in fake news and take the impulsive decision ultimately lead the world towards the horrified scenario (Mihailidis Viotty, 2017). The development of the quantitative data indicates that people share such falsified information about the public policies and political figures over the social platforms that create the clouds of misunderstanding. The widespread of the fake news thus can affect the conscience of the normal citizen. There are many of the conspiracy theories of political news have circulated over the last half-century. The clear data of these stories is presented below: Graph 1: Effects of Historical Partisan Conspiracy Theory (Source: Allcott Gentzkow, 2017) The above graph shows that the circulation of the fake news has been corrupting the power of conscience since quite a long time. The polling data was compiled by the American Enterprise Institute. For example, some of the citizen believed that Franklin Roosevelt had the knowledge about the incident prior to the Pearl Harbor Bombing case occurred. It was also rumored that Lyndon Johnson was involved in the assassination of Kennedy (Allcott Gentzkow, 2017). The information even went against Barack Obama by stating that he was born in another country and the US government took active participation in the 9/11 bombings. Influence of the Social Media The circulation of the fake news is fueled by many of the reasons that help these stories to gain more importance eventually. In this current age, enter to the media platform is not much easy. On the other hand, people can easily monetize web content through the different advertising platform (Allcott Gentzkow, 2017). It is a considerable fact that the media outlets are much concerned about the reputational value. Social media, on the other hand, is the dissemination of fake news that has experienced the significant rise in last few decades. The calculation highlights that in the year of 2016, the number of active users of Facebook reached up to 1.8 billion (Tambini, Anstead Magalhes, 2017). The lack of trust and confidence can also be another most specific reason for the rise of fake stories through social media. The declining trust in the mainstream media is another consequence of the fake news, which gains more traction. It is noted that some of the social media sites like Faceb ook post the stories that are intentionally fabricated and misleading the readers. These sites even select the names of the original and legitimate organizations. Therefore, it is quite effective for the readers to consume these stories and evaluate their judgment accordingly (Lilleker, 2017). Similarly, in case of American Presidential election, the citizens were highly influenced by the falsified information shared against both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Conclusion The obtained ideas from the study depicts that the social media is the current source of originating the falsified news against the public policies and political figures. The presentation of the fabricated news creates the recognizable impact on the consumers minds. In the scenario of 19th century, the improved presses and cheap newsprint gave the permission for expanding the reaches in a dramatic way. The consumers of the news do not seek the accuracy at the initial stage since they are more likely enjoying the partisan news. It is true that consumers utilize such fake news for some benefits, but it also leads the consumers to infer the true state of world. It becomes much difficult to choose the right candidate for the election. Social media, on the other hand, is the dissemination of fake news that has experienced the significant rise in last few decades. The calculation highlights that in the year of 2016, the number of active users of Facebook reached up to 1.8 billion. Majority of the fantasy news appears on this website, but the consumers prefer such news much considerably. References Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election.Journal Of Economic Perspectives,31(2), 211236. Drache, D., Fletcher, F., Das, B., Neyazi, T. A. (2015). Report on Media Activism and Other Manias: How the English Mass Circulation Indian Press Framed the 2014 Election Campaign. Gaughan, A. J. (2016). Illiberal Democracy: The Toxic Mix of Fake News, Hyperpolarization, and Partisan Election Administration.Duke J. Const. L. Pub. Pol'y,12, 57. Giglietto, F., Iannelli, L., Rossi, L., Valeriani, A. (2016). Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System. Graber, D. A., Dunaway, J. (2017).Mass media and American politics. Cq Press. Johnson, D. (2017). Activating activism: Facebook trending topics, media franchises, and industry disruption.Critical Studies in Media Communication,34(2), 148-157. Lilleker, D. (2017). Evidence to the Culture, Media and Sport Committee'Fake news' inquiry presented by the Faculty for Media Communication, Bournemouth University. Mihailidis, P., Viotty, S. (2017). Spreadable Spectacle in Digital Culture: Civic Expression, Fake News, and the Role of Media Literacies in Post-Fact Society.American Behavioral Scientist, 0002764217701217. Nelson, J. (2017). Fake News, Fake Problem? An Analysis of the Fake News Audience in the Lead Up to the 2016 Presidential Election. Pickard, V. (2017). Media Failures in the Age of Trump.The Political Economy of Communication,4(2). Rochlin, N., Rochlin, N. (2017). Fake news: belief in post-truth.Library Hi Tech,35(3), 386-392. Tambini, D., Anstead, N., Magalhes, J. C. (2017). Is the Conservative Party deliberately distributing fake news in attack ads on Facebook?.Media Policy Blog.

Monday, April 13, 2020

Cost information for decision making

Introduction The topic of strategic management has been of great importance over the years. This is because strategic management helps a company craft its short term and long term goals, device means and ways of achieving those goals and objectives, and also providing a blue print of how the company ought to evaluate its achievements according to the set targets (Antony Robert, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cost information for decision making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper presents the coca cola company. It discusses the various areas of strategic management and also touches on the management accounting information. The Company Coca-cola Company is the global leading manufacturer, distributor and marketer of soft drinks. The Vision of the company is to ‘bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage drinks and brands that satisfy people’s needs and desires.’ The mis sion statement of Coca-Cola Company is: ‘To refresh the world, to inspire moments of optimism and happiness, and to create value and make a difference.’ The objectives of Coca-Cola Company are to maintain a global leadership in the supply of non-alcoholic beverages and other non-soda drinks through high production methods that promote the name of the company as a household brand. The strategies of the company are to build on the fundamental strengths in marketing and innovation, driving increased efficiency in system interactions and generating new energy through core brands that focus on health and wellness. In strategic management, the vision statement indicates where the company visualizes itself as at a future date. This usually acts as a beacon for continued efforts to improve and develop to the highest standards possible (Szulanski, 1996). The vision of Coca Cola Company therefore corresponds with the definition provided in the text book. This is because the visio n clearly indicates that the company aims to develop quality brands that aim at satisfying people’s desires and as such the company is in continual search form innovations in order to ultimately achieve this. The mission statement presents the company’s reason for existence. It is the mission statement that indicates the products that are offered to the consumers and as such, since the mission statement of Coca Cola Company is to refresh people, and inspire happiness, the statement is congruent to the definition since through consuming the products people get entertained and are able to quench thirst through drinking of it products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The objectives of the company are to maintain a global leadership in the supply of non-alcoholic drinks. This is well put also since the company strives to remain ahead of the competitors and this, al so, corresponds to the definition given in the text book. A strategy presents a combination of measures, both short and long-term which are aimed at ensuring that a company remains on course to achieving the mission and the objectives set out. Coca cola company strategy is also well inclusive of the definition given in the text book. Management accounting information The modern day organizational management is surrounded by numerous factors which present an environment under which the company ought to operate in. These factors necessitate the management to device means and ways of ensuring that the organization remains on track in the quest to achieve the set goals and objectives (Ahmed, 1992). To enable the management make such decisions, there is the essence of management information such as management accounting information. The essence of management accounting information is to provide relevant information for the making of rational decisions by the management without which the decisions would be termed as gambling. The various management accounting information are discussed in the ensuing text. Budgeting and forecasting Budgeting and forecasting is the management accounting information which aides a company in planning for the future action plans in the course of its mission accomplishment (Antony Robert, 2011). The Coca Cola Company can use forecasts and budgets in order to make sound and better decisions. This is because the use of budgeting provides a financial platform where the company’s funds are directed toward the profitable courses such as expanding to new markets. This will help the management to also plan for the future cash needs so as to remain afloat bearing in mind the current dynamics in the financial markets. Ratio analysis Ratio analysis is the process in which the company’s management carries out analyses on the financial information presented in the financial statement in order to establish various trends in the various elements of the financial statements. Ratio analysis is a process that is usually completed after each end of period reports and seeks to give a clearer picture of the state of affairs of the company in regard to the financial statements. The ratios can be used to determine the liquidity position of the company, the ability of the company to generate sales from the inventory, among other uses. The coca cola company can use ratio analysis to evaluate several factors in relation to its profitability. First ratio analysis can be used to tell the management whether the company is operating within the set profitability margins, or whether the company has liquidity issues hence enabling the management detect and make corrective measures early enough.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cost information for decision making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Variance analysis Variance analysis is done in order to compare betw een the planned expenses and the actual ones. Companies carry out variance analysis in order to establish the degree of variation between the actual and the planned/ budgeted expenses and hence reconcile the differences. The importance of variance analysis to Coca Cola Company is ti enable it to track its expenses against the budget. This is an important aspect since cash is usually a scarce resource and hence limited. Proper variance analysis will indicate areas where there is over expenditure therefore prompting the management to take corrective actions in order to ensure efficient use of company’s funds. Analysis of the recent annual report of Coca Cola Company The recent financial information for Coca-Cola Company includes the income statement, the statement of financial position, and the cash flow statement. In additional to these three fundamental financial statements, the company has also provided other management accounting information such as the financial ratios, an alyst’s ratings and the various financial forecasts. These ratios include the growth rates that indicate the company’s comparison with the industry average as well as the comparison with the SP 500 benchmark. The importance of these ration is that they will be useful key performance indicators and will be necessary when evaluating the performance of the company against the u=industry average and against the SP 500 standards. The management will gain insightful knowledge and will be able to make decisions that are relevant and timely in order to enable the company continue remaining the global leader in its field. The information that is reflected in the various financial statements is also very useful to the management. This is because the information is presented in quarters. This is an important aspect of management accounting reporting system since it offers a clearer picture and a breakdown of the performance through the different quarters. The importance of this i s that the management is able to compare the performance of the company through different times and as such make the proper decisions. The accounting information also includes a presentation of a five year forecasts of the anticipated performance. This offers a very crucial piece of information with which the management can use to measure and control the performance of the company against the set targets.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The forecast presented shows both the company’s forecasted performance over the period as well as the SP 500 indication of the industry over the period. The management of the coca-cola company therefore has sufficient information that is necessary to make better decisions both in the present and in the future. Activity Based Costing The area of overheads allocation by businesses has been a pertinent issue among many cost accountants. This is because of the nature of overheads. In practice, over heads are the costs incurred which cannot be directly traced to the expense item in the organization. As such, they are referred to as over-heads. There are several methods that have been used to carry out the indirect costs allocation over the times. The two most common methods are the traditional absorption costing and the activity based costing. This part of the paper discusses the activity based costing and in the second part, it presents the ‘ABC paradox’. Activity ba sed costing is a costing method that is used to allocate indirect costs to costs objects such as activities, products, customers etc (Cooper Kaplan, 1988). This is achieved based on the activities performed on the cost objects. The various organizational activities which are referred to as resource consumption drivers are allocated the indirect costs based on the resources that they consume. This is a modern way of tracking costs by the management more so the indirect costs since the activities which consume the resources are allocated the overheads in a more precise manner. The first step in determining the overheads costs of these activities is to establish the activity centers or the cost pools (Cooper Kaplan, 1988). Once this is done then the unit cost of the various activities is calculated. The cost of an activity is then assigned to the organization’s products so as to obtain the overhead costs per activity. To obtain the total overheads costs, the unit cost per acti vity is then multiplied by the number of activities. Advantages of Activity Based Costing This indirect costs allocation method is known to possess numerous advantages that make it a very common costing method among the various organizations in the business arena. The first and the main advantage of activity based costing is that it provides accurate information on the cost centers and the costs activities through allocation of the indirect costs on the basis of resource usage (Barry, 2003). This in effect helps management identify the various costs activities and therefore enabling them to make decisions that are based on accurate knowledge. Activity based costing is in effect a very useful tool when doing process improvement. This is because of the ability of the method to assign costs in an accurate manner. As such the organization is able to identify the profitability of specific products or services and this can be a very useful piece of information in situation where the compa ny wants to tailor-make the products through differentiations. Activity based costing can also be useful in future planning of the products. This is possible because the management has adequate and accurate information that is product based and as such planning for future products becomes an easy task with activity based costing. This can further help in the pricing of the products since the management has the full costs of the products being launched and hence is able to set profit margins with a high degree of accuracy. This method is however characterized by various shortcomings. The first disadvantage of activity based costing is that it can become time consuming more so when it all the organizational activities have to be allocated costs. The management therefore finds it rather hard to replace the traditional absorption costing method with the activity based costing since it is a tedious process when it comes to activity costing. ‘The Activity Based costing paradoxâ€⠄¢ While the activity based costing is a very effective method of overhead costs allocation, many organizations have not adopted the technique in their costing methods as it is anticipated. This forms the basis of the activity based costing paradox. The question that is therefore put forward by many is what is the genesis of ABC paradox? The ensuing text discusses the ABC paradox. The activity based costing paradox emanates from the fact that the costing method has won many accolades in the theoretical framework of cost accounting yet it remains unused in many practical applications since it has been adopted by very few organizations. Many academic and scholarly contents have hailed activity based costing as the ultimate answer to the problem of overheads allocation among many business organizations. This notwithstanding, the technique continues to remain on paper while organizations continue to use the traditional costing methods such as the absorption costing. There are several pr actical reasons for this paradox. First it is evident that the activity based costing model is too difficult to implement in an organization. This emanates from the stages of activity cost ascertainment that have to be followed in order to arrive at the specific activity cost. Most firms regard this as a tedious and an inefficient process since time and resources may be wasted in the quest to arrive save more. The implementation of activity based costing method is a costly process and as such it becomes impossible for small firms to adopt such an expensive and complex costing method yet the operation of the firm are few and manageable with a simpler system. On the part of a large organization, the organizations are too large for the management to be able to fully oversee every activity of the organization and assign costs to it. The costing using ABC therefore becomes an inconvenient method of costs allocation since the management of the organization ought to have the whole picture of the organization and view it as a unit. It becomes rather complex when a large organization has to be defined by the small activities and the costs associated to these activities. The activity based costing also faces another huge hurdle when it comes to the implementation of the model. First most of the organizations’ top management concentrates on financial information and the financial accounting and pay less interest of the cost accounting which is internal based. As such the implementation of the model among many organizations becomes impossible since the management fails to prioritize the technique. Furthermore, successful implementation of the model requires a comprehensive knowledge of the organization and as such, it may bring a lot of challenges when it comes to developing and applying the model for the utilization of a large organization. The model also requires a continuous recording of the various activities which are incurring the overheads costs. This can be a tedious and a non productive process and may face a huge resistance from many employees. The cost-benefit analysis of Activity based costing with relation to the other costing methods also reveal that there is not much benefit after all. This is because the maintenance of the ABC model in an organization is very expensive yet it only offers the allocation of overheads costs which in most cases do not form major part of the organizational total costs. References Ahmed, R.-B. (1992). The new Foundations of Management Accounting. New York: Quorum Books. Antony, A. A., Robert, S. K. (2011). Management Accouting: Information for Decision-Making and Strategy Execution. New York: Quorum Books. Barry, E. L. (2003). Management Accounting Demystified. New York: McGraw Hill. Cooper, R., Kaplan, S. (1988). Measure costs right: Make the right decision. Harvard Business review , 96-103. Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practices within t he Firm. Strategic Management Journal , 27-44. This essay on Cost information for decision making was written and submitted by user Kamari Webb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

Uncle Toms Cabin essays

Uncle Tom's Cabin essays Book Report on Uncle Toms Cabin The book Uncle Toms Cabin, published in 1852 by multiple publishers and put into more then twenty languages was written by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe. Stowe was born in 1811 in Litchfield, Connecticut into a family of clergymen and therefore was highly religious. Her mother died early in her life so her oldest sister Catharine reared her. The family moved to Ohio when Harriet was twenty-one because her father received a presidency at a theological university. Harriets sister Catherine started two schools; one was a primary school in Litchfield, the other a womens university in Ohio. Harriet attended the primary school and taught at the university in missionary studies. Her father would frequently speak out against slavery in public and she may have caught some of his abolitionist ideas, forming her own system of beliefs on slavery. While living in Ohio she took a short journey to Kentucky where she met Calvin Stowe, a minister and professor who also felt slavery was wrong. After a brief courtship they were married. Stowe thought herself lucky because Calvin encouraged her writing because Harriet sometimes earned money to supplement his income. Little did Calvin know but not only would Harriets Uncle Toms Cabin supplement their income, but become the majority of it for years to come. After the success of her book she became a celebrity and was invited to parties, given audiences with monarchs in other countries, and even a private meeting with President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. During their meeting on Uncle Toms Cabin, Lincoln was rumored to have said, "So this is the little lady who started this big war!" While far from being the actual cause of the war she certainly fanned the flames of the anti-slavery movement and drove many Christians to see the evil in slavery. Later books she wrote did not do quite as we...

Monday, February 24, 2020

Hate crime Against Arab Americans Research Paper

Hate crime Against Arab Americans - Research Paper Example The increase in hate crime is however slowing down but still higher than the periods before 2001. The major objective of this paper is to outline the nature of hate crimes against Arab Americans that have been witnessed in the U.S. and outline the possible solutions to the problem. This paper has also outlined the rooted discrimination against the Arab Americans in the job market. As reported in this paper, the government agencies such as FBI, police, INS and the American airlines have been discriminatory against the Arab Americans. This paper also reports how the private sector has been discriminatory as well as providing unfavorable work conditions to the Arab Americans since the September attack. Hate crimes have not only focused on the Arab Americans but have also been witnessed against their property and their families. As reported in this paper however, the statements by high profile government officials like the president, the clergy, politicians as well as the involvement of the learning institutions is very important in ensuring that hate crimes are reduced in the US. Introduction The September 11, 2001 attack on the world trade center marked the beginning and the rise in the hate crimes mainly towards against the Arab Americans. The September attack which is claimed to have been engineered by the world most terrorist and leader of the Al-Qaida terrorist group Osama Bin laden also saw a number of Muslims being listed as either participated directly or indirectly in the attacks. This has resulted into the development of bad relationship between the government of the United States and the Muslim community. The level of hate crimes that has been reported against the Muslims, Arab Americans and Sikhs rose to five percent in the year 2001 just immediately after the September bomb attack that left property worth millions of dollars destroyed and several people dead. The statistics show that out of the total 9,730 victims of hate crimes, 481 were either of Mu slims, Arab Americans or Sikhs (Leadership conference, 2009). However, the highest victims of the three have been the Arab Americans. At present, statistics have shown that this trend has reduced compared to the year 2001. However, it is important to realize that the levels of hate crimes against the Arab Americans have stood higher than the days before 2001. During the year 2007 and 2008, at approximately 115 hate crimes were reported against the Arabs Americans which is above those that were reported during the year 2000 and the previous years. In 2009, there have been serious deaths committed by assailants against two Arab Americans, Mohammed Al Hadi and another clerk of the Middle East origin (leadership conference, 2009). The perception of the Arab Americans as terrorists has resulted into the increasing hate crimes against the Arab Americans. These are just but few examples that reveal clearly that the law enforcement agencies have either failed in their duties to report these hate crimes or are just reluctant to end the problem that is fueling hatred between the Arab Americans and the other Americans. Hate crimes in United States of America against the Arab Americans is therefore a problem that has to be managed immediately. America is likely to ignite civil war or war between civilians if hate

Friday, February 7, 2020

Watsons Theory of Caring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Watsons Theory of Caring - Essay Example The fact is that when there is a sharp rise in the workload and expectations, nurses are prone to lose the caring practice they are supposed to preserve. Here, the knowledge in Jean Watson’s Caring Theory can be a useful asset to any practicing nurse. This work intends to look into the tenets of Jean Watson Caring Theory, and, at the same, I reflect on my own practice as a Registered Nurse at a long term acute facility. Dr. Jean Watson is a distinguished nursing professor form Virginia. With a PhD in educational psychology, she has received many national and international awards. The very basic elements of Jean Watson’s Caring Theory are three in numbers. According to Watson (1988), they are the carative factors, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring moment. The Carative Factors According to the work named ‘the theory of human caring: retrospective and prospective’ published in Nursing Science Quarterly in the year 1997 by Watson (1997), car ative factors should be considered as the guidelines towards the very basis of nursing. According to the scholar, the traditional medicine considers curative factors as the main function of nursing, and hence, she developed the term ‘carative’ factors to point out that the core of nursing is not in cure; but in care. As the scholar points out in the work, there are ten important aspects of carative factors. The very first element is humanistic and selfless system of value. It is followed by, and linked to, other aspects like faith, sensitivity to the feelings of others, showing a helping nature, showing positive feelings, showing problem-solving mentality, the tendency to teach and learn, creating an atmosphere of mental, physical, and spiritual well-being, and finally, ensuring proper assistance to human needs. The term altruism, in nursing, can be termed as taking such decisions that are in the best interest of the patient. Admittedly, with more and more modern techno logies at hand, nurses are made to take such ethical decisions that are a matter of life and death. Here, it becomes necessary for a nurse to take such decisions that respect the patient. Here, I am forced to look back into my own practice as a nurse and the instances where I got stuck in ethical dilemmas. Two years ago, I had a patient who was, in fact, a Jehovah’s Witness. It was rather necessary for him to receive blood products from others to sustain his life, but his religious beliefs did not allow him to do so. Being the person responsible to do the same, I was in a dilemma; either I could force the patient to accept the treatment, or accept his suggestion. Here, I had to report the same back to the Ethics Committee of the setting to reach a decision. There I understood the fact that in order to be altruistic, one needs to respect the cultural and personal beliefs of the patient. However, a thorough scrutiny proves that there are more important things at play here. To i llustrate, the family of a patient who is on life-sustaining treatments for no apparent benefit may be too confused and reluctant to take the decision to remove the same. In one such instance, I managed to convince the family of the patient that the ethics committee of the setting would help them to reach a decision that would be in the best interest of the patient. When the ethics committee came up with the decision to stop the life-sustaining treatment, the family was willing to cooperate as they were convinced that the decision was in their best interest. As one goes ahead, one can see that the term ‘carative’ was replaced by, or evolved into, another term ‘caritas’ as Watson modified her theory; and according to the scholar (as

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Clashes of Race Essay Example for Free

Clashes of Race Essay Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore racism and discrimination within America. It was also a goal to show the relationships between racial clashes throughout history, and what the purpose behind the clashes was. By showing these clashes society gets a better understand of what triggers these action within society. Running Header: CLASHES OF RACE: UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE In the rather complex world in which society dwells on, society lacks appreciation for the simplicity of the universe. one act or idea can spawn certain events that affect the course of history. To understand history, it is essential for society to look at the causes behind the significance of an event. racial discrimination has spawned social clashes between ethnicities for generations, and it continues to do so. to understand the significance of these events, it is important to analyze the source of these racial clashes throughout history. analyzing the sources of these events provides, if any, patterns of human nature in response to mistreatment due to racial profiling. it is also essential to analyze the basic principles of discrimination within the twenty-first century and what society faces in present day. Before analyzing racial discrimination in the twenty-first century, the importance of understanding the different types of racism is needed. There are two types of discrimination that society faces present day, direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. direct discrimination by definition, is when an individual or group is singled out directly by society or an individual based on there race. indirect discrimination is when an individual is singled out surreptitiously by an individual or group. this is more prevalent within present day culture, compared to direct discrimination. The reason being that racism in the twenty-first century is less acceptable among society. the result of racism is that it is less acceptable within modern day society is racism taking on a more enigmatic face. Running Header: CLASHES OF RACE: UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE social clashes that resulted from direct discrimination have been apart of america for decades. prime examples of direct discrimination are famously the wars and massacres enacted on early native americans. The reasons for these attacks on native americans were due to new settlers in america wanting to acquire resources from the natives themselves. The colonist’s believed that the natives way of life was inferior to their own, due to the savageness of their own human nature. This is a prime example of micro-aggression in early american culture. Such events such as the â€Å"trail of tears† and many other attacks on the native american’s way of life was justified due to the idea of manifest destiny, which is a belief that the territory was a divine gift to the american colonist. This resulted in constant conflict between american society and native americans in the twenty-first century. it is important to understand how micro-aggression works and operates in the twenty-first century. With modern society changing into a more diversified culture in the United States, it is important to understand how indirect discrimination works in modern society. Society by nature tends to group themselves within certain micro-cultures, it is important to understand this important dynamic due to its purpose within society. this dynamic by nature forces ethnicities to side with a certain set of social norms and values. (West,2004) examples of how this affects modern day society would best be described by conflict with interracial marriages and racial generalization. Ethnic grouping has been apart of america since the beginning of american society. the colonist settled in america based on their religions and values, in which the colonist Running Header: CLASHES OF RACE: UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE had previously in britain. more modern examples of ethnic grouping would be groups, such as the black panther party, naacp are examples of more modern cases of ethnic grouping. (Jablonski,2012) the common feature of today’s society, also well known as mass media, has a huge impact on racial conflictions with the populace of todays society. One psychological principle says that if an image or idea is shown repetitively that the image or idea will leave an imprint on the mind, later on making the mind recognize the image or ideology as† normalcy†. (Yosso,2002) the mainstream media controls the public agenda, as well as the emotions reflected within society. the mass media needs to recognize the effect in which it has on society, the purpose of the media should be to promote the truth of a matter accurately. This would help balance out racial out lashes between ethnic neighborhood, as well as riots and other ethnic protest. (Vann,2006) in recent times of society, racism in north america has went through a major transformation, especially after the post-civil rights era where the democrats believed in equality for all types of ethnicities that specifically did not get along throughout the history of racism in society(Wamsted,D,2012). This shows the progression of diversity within America. however, even with change in equality the south still shows a higher percentage of direct discrimination as well as indirect discrimination in modern day society than the north. Some examples of the result of discrimination can best be depicted is social out lashes of an ethnic communities. this can be shown through protest, as well as more Running Header: CLASHES OF RACE: UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE serious demonstrations such as riots. the causes of these demonstrations can be a number of reasons, but one pattern that is shown throughout history is that most social out lashes resulted due to mistreatment among their race. an example of this would be the los angeles riots of 1992. The riots resulted from six officers found not guilty that were accused of beating a black male, rodney king. the riots lasted for six days, and resulted in thousands of injuries and fifty-three deaths. (Watts,2011) however, not every protest result in death and injury. through the civil rights era many protesters believed in the nonviolent approach of martin luther king jr. most protesters believed in sit-ins, boycotts, and other forms of nonviolent forms of protest. however, the effects of racism and discrimination has not stopped america from diversifying, but rather fueled individualism among minorities within america. A study shows that more minorities are striving for higher education within america. derek bok reported in 2000 in his book The Shape of the River that eighty-six percent of black students who enrolled in twenty-eight selective universities across the nation were apart of the middle-class or upper-middle class. This shows not only an increase in african american on college campus, but also the percentage of success among blacks with a stable financial backing. This trend is important to understand due to the progression of diversity within america. It is prevalent that not only income have increased among african americans, but also the number of blacks going to college compared to college statistics of the 1990s and 1980s. (Harring-Smith,2012) to understand the importance of an action, is in essence the greatest ideology or knowledge to grasp. for every action within society has an effect on history. The Running Header: CLASHES OF RACE: UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE importance of diversity within society continues to show progression. however, racism will always have its place within society. Society has to continue to evolve as well as continue to educate the youth in society to limit the grasp that racism has on america, whether the discrimination is indirect or direct. â€Å"weve got to face the fact that some people say you fight fire best with fire, but we say you put fire out best with water. we say you dont fight racism with racism. were gonna fight racism with solidarity. †-Fred Hampton Running Header: CLASHES OF RACE: UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE References: Haring-Smith, T. (2012). Broadening Our Definition of Diversity. Liberal Education, 98(2), 6. Jablonski, N. (2012). The struggle to overcome racism. New Scientist, 215(2880), 26. Vann, A. (2006, June 29). Sometimes the allegation of reverse racism is camouflage for maintaining the status quo. New York Amsterdam News. p. 13. Wamsted, D. J. (2012). Opening Doors for Diversity. Electric Perspectives, 37(3), 26. Watts. (2011). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. West, E. (2004). Expanding the Racial Frontier. Historian, 66(3), 552. doi:10. 1111/j. 1540-6563. 2004. 00088. x Yosso, T. J. (2002). Critical Race Media Literacy: Challenging Deficit Discourse about Chicanas/os. Journal Of Popular Film Television, 30(1), 52.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Over the Rhine Essay -- Music Musicians Bands Essays

Over the Rhine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is a rare occurrence in today’s over-amplified, bass-kicking sound world to leave a concert feeling as if you actually heard the music. Over the Rhine provided one of those concerts on Thursday October 2nd at Birdys Bar and Grill in Indianapolis. My personal congratulations to the sound guy, who’s mixing allowed the audience to really hear all the different layers of music and different instrumentation really being played.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another rare occurrence; real songwriters and musicians playing their own music! The five-piece band is led by vocalist, Karin Barquist, and her husband Linford Detweiler, keyboardist and collaborator. The rest of the band consists of Paul Moak who played the sitar during the opening song and lead guitar during most of the others, Will Seyles on drums, and Rick Plant on bass guitar. But Barquist seems to be the key member in the band. She has all the qualities a good lead singer should have; great voice, good-looking, poised, mature and confident. She really runs the show up there, and makes it look effortless in the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The style of music cannot really be defined as one genre. The audience made it even harder to discern the kind of music being played. The people ranged in ages, gender, race, and dress. They just seemed like â€Å"real† people, not trying to be any part of one group, just like their music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This mix of folky, pop, one attempt at a slowly spoken rap song, and country music produced all different kinds of songs. The songs have the type of lyrics that make you relate your own life to every single one of them. They’re deep, and well thought out. Barquist doesn’t just repeat the same nonsense lyric over and over. Her voice, to me, sounds a little like my favorite artist, Sarah McLaughlin. But it could really go any way she wanted; hard, soft, loud, weak, whiny, smooth, short and breathy. I have also heard her compared to singer Norah Jones. It seems like the marital bond between Barquist and Detweiler might have served as a source for lyric material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Thursday night, the stage at Birdys was adorned with oriental rugs, candles, and vases of flowers to create ambiance. It was nice, but they wouldn’t have needed it, the music spoke for itself. They played songs from two of their albums, Good Dog Bad Dog, but mostly their latest, Ohio. This album is the one that drew the crowd ... ...never articulate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A couple of other songs they played were â€Å"Bothered,† â€Å"Cruel and Pretty† and â€Å"Changes Come.† If you had never heard the band before tonight, this is where you would probably think all the songs sounded very similar. Slow, piano and sad. The variety lies in the songwriting, if you start paying attention to the lyrics now, you’d have a different opinion. I almost think what they say is so poignant sometimes it should be in a book or poem by itself. But on the other hand, if you took away the way Barquist sings it, or the accompanying instrumentation, I doubt you would get the same idea. They can even make an acoustic guitar sound like it’s in pain and crying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They performed two songs during a much appreciated encore, the title track to their new album, â€Å"Ohio,† and a freestyle guitar solo. Even though all their songs are pretty much slow and sad, I left the concert feeling as if I had just experience every emotion or feeling there was. There style is so soft and bare. They lay it all on the table, take it or leave it. Not interested in mainstream, happy with their underground following, and plus one more fan after the show in Indianapolis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Monday, January 13, 2020

Controversial Aspects of Waldorf School Education Essay

Waldorf schools are a fairly new phenomenon in our country. They first appeared in our educational system in the school year1992/1993 and since their foundation have expanded. Nowadays, we can see a Waldorf school or at least its scion almost in every city. Their popularity among parents increases and although they struggle for their existence, they somehow manage to keep their status of a state school. To an uninitiated observer, such a school type seems very creative and child friendly. Many positive aspects cannot be denied but there are always two sides to everything. Unfortunately, not many critical essays were written on the topic of Waldorf education, although some aspects are fundamental and should be publicly disclosed. The aim of this paper is to focus on the aspects and help parents as well as the teachers themselves to direct their attention to Waldorf thought context which is not openly presented. If parents consider enrolling their child in a Waldorf school, they should be highly aware of the fact that it is not only the school itself and its nice methods that are apparent and very alluring at first glance, but principally, it is the lifestyle that accompanies it. Waldorf schooling is not for everyone, especially not in the 21st century. Their rejection of technological devices or even of some scientific theories of knowledge should be transparent. People often choose it on account of their own often unhappy childhood but such a decision is not for us but for the children we love and want the best for. According to one Czech proverb which declares that â€Å"It is never too late for a rectification†, the child psychologists do not agree in the case of Waldorf education. When there appears a serious problem, parents along with the psychologist are to react speedily. It is too late to start thinking about a change of school in primary class five. In such case, the best solution, according to specialists, is to stay and complete the whole Waldorf school. A child would have too many problems and serious difficulties to adapt to an ordinary school system. Such a decision could even worsen the whole situation. If the result of an elementary school choice, which is crucial for the future studying attitude of our children fails, it can lead into a disaster. If, (especially Waldorf) schooling fails due to either misunderstanding and misuse of the philosophy or due to insufficient education of teachers who explain certain aspects in the wrong way, the result equals psychological problems of the child, the reluctance of education, thus school in general and as the icing on the cake could be the sleepless nights and nausea of the whole family. One should always get the opportunity to learn the pros and cons of the matter as we are all aware of the great vulnerability of children. Historical background  Rudolf Steiner, the founder of the first Waldorf school in Germany in 1919, based the curriculum of Waldorf school on unique elements of art in which the students learn subject matters stimulate through an amount of different representations. His pedagogy is designed for the students’ developmental growth. He created a whole system in which teachers themselves govern the school and along with the parents and supporters of the school, they create a community based on the aspects of Anthroposophy (a school of thought that grew out of Theosophy), a spiritual path from which Waldorf school springs and is devoted to. Steiner himself describes the initial process of the whole idea of Waldorf school as follows. â€Å"The first idea was to provide an education for children whose parents were working in the Waldorf Astoria Factory, and as the Director was a member of the Anthroposophical Society, he asked me to arrange this education †¦ and so, in the first place, the Waldorf School arose as a school for humanity as such, fashioned, it could in fact be said, out of the working-class†¦ ere then, we have an educational institution arising on a social basis, that seeks to found the whole spirit and method of its teaching upon Anthroposophy. † (Rudolf Steiner, A Modern Art of Education p. 88) Waldorf Schools and Religion Waldorf schools are often called free Waldorf schools and they are also said to be non-religious. Such facts do not entirely correspond with the definition of Anthroposophy – a philosophy created by Steiner. Waldorf education itself is grounded on Anthroposophy al though such a fact is not often publicly proclaimed. The definition of Anthroposophy given by Rudolf Steiner in 1923 is following: â€Å"an association of people who would foster the life of the soul, both in the individual and in human society, on the basis of a true knowledge of the spiritual world. †(Rudolf Steiner lecture on Color and the Races of Humankind 1923, London) Such a definition discloses the religious implication of Anthroposophy. â€Å"The life of the soul† could be also suggested as a religious term as well as the â€Å"spiritual world†. Steiner’s allegation of â€Å"true knowledgeâ€Å"in the definition evokes the idea that no other philosophy might be true and thus can Anthroposophy be viewed as a sect according to some definitions. Despite the fact that Waldorf schools deny being religious or occultist, many common sources define Anthroposophy as a religious movement. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Anthroposophy as â€Å"a movement based on the notion that there is a spiritual world comprehensible to pure but accessible only to the highest faculties of mental knowledge† (http://www. ritannica. com, 20/11/12) The Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines Anthroposophy as â€Å"a 20th century religious system growing out of theosophy and centering on human development. † (http://www. m-w. com/cgibin/dictionary, 20/11/12). The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy interprets Anthroposophy in a similar way and names it â€Å"The Christian and occultist movement associated with Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) emphasizing the cultivation of spiritual nature and the way to gain spiritual awareness of a higher world† (Oxford, 1994, p. 5) Anthroposophy is not only involved in education but we can recognize this philosophical direction in several other activities including healing dance – eurhythmy, the arts, medical practice, health and hygiene, biodynamic agriculture, banking and financial consulting, publishing, the anthropological Society and also a formal Church called The Christian Community. (http://www. waldorfcritics. org, 6/12/12). Criticism of Waldorf Schools Education or schooling of our children should certainly be objective as much as possible without occultist practices. We should educate independent human beings able to view their lives with freedom, able to search for verifiable information themselves without penalties. Freedom of choice should be the right for every individual. One should not be excluded or asked to â€Å"leave† when asking â€Å"inconvenient† or â€Å"suspicious† questions. The evidence is not only found in personal experience of many people, but there are several commentaries about obscure theories and indefinite views described on a website for non-sectarian schools called PLANS. We can find a number of such websites that criticize similar matters but PLANS seems to be working with dedicated researchers, people who used to work very closely for the Waldorf schools and whose first great impression of the whole system reached alarming proportions after several years inside the system. Many a reader may raise objections against their criticism but since there are always the same asked questions and repeatedly occurring the same problems that harm, we should not make light of this problem. One should be aware of the fact that it is not a common criticism of an ordinary school system and its problems. Students as well as their parents naturally face everyday unpleasant situations that appear at school due to many common factors. Such ordinary problems often emerge from misunderstanding of two sides, student’s negative attitude towards their studies and similar problems. In Waldorf schools there certainly arise the already mentioned problems as well but what makes the two educational systems different is the fact that people involved in the common educational process do not usually set up, generally speaking, groups against the system or organizations searching for precise fundamental questions about the nature of certain practices of the system itself. The following quotation from the website can sketch a broad outline of PLANS to clarify their activities. |†Welcome! People for Legal and Non-Sectarian Schools (PLANS) is a world-wide network of former Waldorf parents, teachers, students, | |administrators and trustees who come from a variety of backgrounds with a common goal: to educate the public about the reality behind Waldorf’s| |facade of progressive, arts-based education. Waldorf is the most visible activity of Anthroposophy, an occultist sect founded by Rudolf Steiner| |(1861-1925). (www. waldorfcritics. org 4/12/12) | The statement about the â€Å"most visible activity of Anthroposophyâ€Å"might be one of the crucial points that may cause the everlasting confusion in understanding of â€Å"who they actually are†. There are certain signs that most decidedly catch the observer’s eye and facilitate Waldorf schools. It is always the choice of colours, natural materials and pictures that often portra y angels or such spiritual beings. Symbolism is used across the whole Waldorf educational system. These indications and signs often lead the outside observer to a conclusion that Waldorf school uses religious devices to present itself. Nevertheless one of the official definitions of Waldorf school found in Webster Dictionary states that: â€Å"Waldorf education (also known as Steiner education) is the largest independent alternative educational movement in the world. It is based on the ideas of Rudolf Steiner, the founder of anthroposophy. Learning is interdisciplinary, integrating practical, artistic, and conceptual elements. The approach emphasizes the role of the imagination in learning, developing thinking that includes a creative as well as an analytic component. The educational philosophy’s overarching goals are to provide young people the basis on which to develop into free, morally responsible and integrated individuals and to help every child fulfil his or her unique destiny, the existence of which anthroposophy posits. Schools and teachers are given considerable freedom to define curricula within collegial structures. † (www. merriam-webster. om 9/1/13) In the definition the reader does not receive any information about religious or occultist practice in Waldorf education. The whole characteristic of the school seems unique, interesting and at first sight describing an ideal type of school. Many a parent prefers such a school and there is no wonder that the description attracts parents who want to have an independent, creative child that is voluntarily seeking knowledge. The last sen tence of the definition is nevertheless crucial and to an educated and experienced teacher, it probably foreshadows further questions. At this point it is essential to emphasize that particularly the Czech Waldorf school collegial structures are made up of often non- teachers or of teachers who reached the high school education only. A further sample of the text written by Debra Snell, the President of the association PLANS summarizes, through her personal experience, the feelings and thoughts of majority of people who happened to be a part or came into contact with the Waldorf education. †My personal experience with Waldorf was very confusing. Instead of the progressive and liberal alternative school I was led to expect by the school’s promotional materials and staff, I discovered a rigid, authoritarian environment that seemed to be rooted in a medieval dogma that I did not understand. When, in an effort to make sense of things, I asked questions about this, I found Waldorf teachers to be strangely defensive†. â€Å"I was stunned to arrive at the conclusion that the education of children — at least as I use the term â€Å"education† — did not seem to be the school’s most important focus and objective. But what was? † â€Å"I began to ask questions. What is Anthroposophy? Why don’t teachers allow students in the preschool through the early elementary grades to use black crayons in their drawings? Why do students use the wet-on-wet watercolour painting technique exclusively for so many years? Why is mythology taught as history? Where is the American flag, and why don’t Waldorf schools teach civics lessons in America? In a school system that promotes itself as â€Å"education toward freedom,† why do students copy everything from the blackboard? Why do Waldorf teachers talk in high voices and sing-song directions to their classes? Why must the kindergarten room walls be painted â€Å"peach blossom†? Why is learning to read before the age of 8 or 9 considered unhealthy? Why do so many Waldorf classes have problems with bullying, and what is the school’s policy for dealing with this? Why are teachers always lighting candles? † (www. waldorfcritics. org 4/12/12) Snell points out existing questions and facts many parents begin to sense when explanations to their questions start being vague or ambiguous. Every question is worth answering especially a question of a parent or a child. Unfortunately many parents who place their children to Waldorf school often get a recommendation to leave when asking too much. Why are not the answers obvious and logical? Why do not the parents receive any straight explanation? There have been many similar questions asked by parents all over the world and as we can see, while browsing the internet and other sources such as debates and newspaper articles, very often such questions stay unanswered. No matter which country the Waldorf school backers come from, their experience and feelings are very similar. They wish to find clear answers, which is not a simple task, but generally one could be satisfied at least to gain some basic awareness and knowledge of the facts why at all we shall ask these questions. There are so many controversial issues, such as writing in capital letters only until the age of eight, as well as not learning to read until a certain time, the prohibition of electronic devices such as a CD, DVD player, a computer or the lighting of candles to attract the good spiritual forces.